Bronchial asthma treatment involves a combination of long-term control and quick-relief medications tailored to the severity and frequency of symptoms. The cornerstone of long-term management includes inhaled corticosteroids (like budesonide or fluticasone), which reduce airway inflammation and prevent flare-ups. In moderate to severe cases, long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) such as salmeterol or formoterol are used alongside steroids. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (e.g., montelukast) and theophylline may also be prescribed for additional control. For immediate relief during an asthma attack, short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) like salbutamol (albuterol) are commonly used. In cases of severe, uncontrolled asthma, biologic therapies like omalizumab (anti-IgE) or mepolizumab (anti-IL-5) may be indicated. Non-pharmacological strategies, including avoiding triggers (allergens, smoke, pollution), maintaining good hydration, and practicing breathing exercises, are equally important. Regular monitoring using tools like peak flow meters and adherence to an individualized asthma action plan ensures optimal management and prevents exacerbations.
