Pneumonia treatment depends on the cause (bacterial, viral, or fungal), the severity of the illness, and the patient’s age and overall health. Most cases of bacterial pneumonia are treated effectively with antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, azithromycin, or ceftriaxone, chosen based on the likely organism and patient risk factors. For viral pneumonia, such as that caused by influenza or COVID-19, antiviral medications may be used, along with supportive care. Fungal pneumonia, though less common, requires specific antifungal treatment. Supportive care for all types of pneumonia includes rest, fluids, oxygen therapy (if needed), fever reducers (like paracetamol or ibuprofen), and cough medicine if necessary. Hospitalization may be required for severe cases, especially in the elderly, very young, or those with underlying health conditions. In such cases, treatment may include intravenous antibiotics, oxygen support, and close monitoring. Preventive measures like the pneumococcal vaccine and annual flu shots are important, especially for high-risk groups.
