Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) refers to a group of disorders that cause inflammation and scarring of the lung tissue, leading to difficulty in breathing and reduced oxygen levels. Treatment of ILD primarily focuses on managing symptoms, slowing disease progression, and improving quality of life. The approach depends on the underlying cause of ILD, which can range from autoimmune conditions (such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus) to exposure-related causes (like occupational hazards) or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In many cases, corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs (like methotrexate or azathioprine) are used to reduce inflammation and control autoimmune responses. Antifibrotic medications, such as pirfenidone and nintedanib, are commonly prescribed for diseases like IPF to slow the progression of fibrosis. For ILD caused by exposure, avoiding the triggering substances is critical. Oxygen therapy may be necessary for patients with advanced disease to help improve oxygen levels. In severe cases, a lung transplant may be considered. Pulmonary rehabilitation and supportive care play important roles in improving exercise tolerance and managing symptoms. Close monitoring with pulmonary function tests and imaging is essential to assess disease progression.
